گاه و بی گاه دلم می گیرد

از تماشای گلی که در آن سمت حیاط

...وسط شب بوها ...دانه دانه پر می ریزد

 و در آسمان

از تماشای پرنده ،‌که از آن دسته ی کوچ

جامانده و درمانده ....بی هدف پر می زند

گاه و بی گاه دلم می گیرد

از این سردی ایام

و از این طعم زمانه...!!

شاید نشود به گذشته برگشت

و یک اغاز زیبا ساخت

ولی

 میشود هم اکنون اغاز کرد

 و یک پایان زیبا ساخت

Everything is still! I hear piercing quietness, and I walk with tranquillity sweeping it all aside with my feet.i

 I feel its crystals on my face, cold but pleasant! Every other moment, I look up inhaling deep fresh air! Thousands of bits of it glisten in the moonlight and I look forward roaming in the city roads! I can hear its crunching under my boots, reverbrating in my mind!!i 

                                                 Being late , I have to retun! I turn back!   i

Beautiful , it is! It's all white in front of me with my trace left behind!i

The next morning, everybody is out from the very beginning of the dawn clearing the pass ways! As the sun rises, it sparkles like thousands of diamonds !i

 Kids are counting down to be out!  They call each other. Now, it's just their  sound around playing with joy! Their fingers are numb with cold, but still they don't give up!i

After a while, in the midday, they withdraw to their homes with the wet coats and gloves smelling damp! Breathing my hands to get warm, I go straight towards the heater! I have a cup of hot tea, Then I feel my eyes getting heavy, and I doze off right there!!i 

As I feel heat on my face, I try to open my eyes gradually!i 

OOOOh, NOOOO!! It's melted away, so is my dream from my childhood!!!i

I watch out the window! It's snow falling down very gently!!i

Yes, it's winter! Let's welcome its coldness very warmly!!!i

It is New Year's Eve and by tomorrow 2013 starts. So, let's congratulate christian English learners first

  Happy New Year

Now let's glance at some events in christian calender

Chrismas Day: Christian people celebrate Chrismas Day on December

25The day celebrates Jesus Christ's birth. It is often combined with customs from pre-christian winter celebrations. Many people erect Christmas trees, decorate their homes, visit family or friends and exchange gifts

Saint Valentine's Day: commonly shortened to Valentine's Day, is an annual commemoration held on February 14 celebrating love and affection between intimate companions. The day is named after one or more early christian martyrs named saint Valentine, and was established by Pope Gelasisus I in 496 AD

All Fool's Day: also known as April Fool's Day, is celebrated annually on the first day of April. It is a time for the traditional playing of pranks upon unsuspecting people and trying to get people to believe ridiculous things

Good Friday: is observed on the Friday Befor Easter Sunday. On this day Christians commemorate the passion, or suffering, and crucifixion death on the cross of Jesus Christ

Easter: Christians believe that Jesus came back to life, or was raised from the dead, three days after his death on the cross. They celebrate this day as Easter. The dates of Easter change every year

Memorial day: which falls on the last Monday of May, honors the men and women who died while serving in the American military

Flag Day: on June 14, Americans celebrate the adoption of the first national flag.. Also known as the Stars and Stripes or Old Glory, the first American flag was approved by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1777

Friendship Day: is celebrated every year, on the first Sunday of Agust. Friendship Day is the special occasion to feel and show your affection, care, concern, and gratitude for your near and dear friends

Halloween; is celebrated on October 31. It is a day to mark the single night in the year when, according to old Celtic beliefs, spirits and the deads can cross over into the world of the living

Thanksgiving Day is traditionally a day for families and friends to get together for a special meal. The meal often includes a turkey, stuffing, potatoes, cranberry sauce, gravy, pumkin pie, and vegetables. Thanksgiving Day is a time for many people to give thanks for what they have

About a hundred years ago, a man looked at the morning newspaper and to his surprise and horror, read his name in the obituary column. The newspapers had reported the death of the wrong person by mistake. His first response was shock. Am I here or there?!!!i

 When he regained his composure, his second thought was to find out what people had said about him. The obituary read, "Dynamite King Dies." And also "He was the Merchant of Death." This man was the inventor of dynamite and when he read the words "Merchant of Death", he asked himself a question, "Is this how I am going to be remembered?" He got in touch with his feelings and decided that this was not the way he wanted to be remembered. From that day on, he started working toward peace. His name was Alfred Noble and he is remembered today by the great Noble Prize

Just as Alfred Noble got in touch with his feelings and redefined his values, we should step back and do the same, shouldn't we?!!!i

EEExcuse me sir, could  you please explain the difference between toward and towards? Thank youi

i-Where can you find the largest diamond in the world?i

i-On a baseball field!i

A diamond is a beautiful, clear stone used in jewelry, but it is also the name of the playing field in the game of baseball. A baseball diamond is shaped something like the stone.i

Athough the most perfect diamonds are mined in far-off lands, in America there are diamonds that are much bigger and more precious. Any American can tell you that these diamonds are found on a baseball field!i

i-How do you make seven even?i

i-Take off the s!i

Seven is an odd number: that is, it can't be divided by two. The opposite of an odd number is an even number.i

... Three Simple Rules

Hi , hope you are passing your exams successfully!k

Remember that life is more strict than a teacher!k

A teacher teaches a lesson and takes an exam,k

but life takes an exam

and then teaches a lesson!u

It never takes toil to show you the sight behind a mountain

It leaves the burden on you to climb with lots of trials and errors;h

however, trusting God won't make the mountain smaller,k

but it will make climbing easier!h

Hope you will be able to climb

all your mountains always!a

I wish people could learn most of the ethical principles from children...l

این پائیز هم گذشت...

پائیزی پر از رنگ،پر از غم...

این بار پائیز را جور دیگری می خواستم .. ولی باز هم کلمه ی همیشگی افسوس...

و من می مانم و یک افسوس که خیلی بزرگ شده ...بزرگ به اندازه ی تمــــام

آرزوهایم، تمام غصه هایم و تمام اتفاقاتی که می توانست باشد و نشد ...

هوا سرد شده ... خیلی سرد تر از آن که بشود دوباره گرمش کرد...

به این سادگی ها گرم نمی شود دیگر ...

صدای زوزه ی باد که می پیچد لای شاخه های لخت درخت لرزه می اندازد بر چهار ستون تن...

ولی باز خوب است که یک چیز هست...

یک چیز که کاش نبود و شاید هم خوب است که هست ...

یک چیز به اسم امید...

یک چیز به اسم بهــــــــــــــــــــــــــار...

وای ...

چقـــــــــــــــــــــــــدر زیباست این کلمه ...    بهــار

و چقدر دوست دارم این فصل دوست داشتنی را ... که زنده می کندم باز..

و آغازی دوباره می بخشدم ...

فکرش را که می کنم می بینم چه خوب است که امید هست...که می شود باز هم امید داشت ...

دیشب تمــــام خیابانهای شهر را

کوچه به کوچه

با پای پیاده قدم زدم

جانی نبود برای راه رفتن

  اما رفتم

 قدم زدم ... قدم زدم

قدم زدم ...

نمک روی تاول پاهایم زده ام

تا یادم بماند چگونه بودم

تا یادم بماند چگونه ام

باید باشد ردی...نشانی...اثری...راهی...

مگر نه ؟

همیشه همین بوده

هر چه می روم دورمی شوم

دور و دورتر

 از من...

از تو...

از باورهایم...

Salmas:also Romanized as Salamas; formerly as Dilmagan, Dilman,(‎;Shahpoor, Shāhpūr, and Shapur) is a city in and the capital of Salmas County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79,560, in 19,806 families.The city is of Azeri origin, according to the Arabic geographer Mukadassi who visited Salmas in the 10th century^. The population is a mixture of Azeri, Assyrians, Armenians, Kurds and Persians

The 1930 Salmas earthquake occurred on May 6, 1930 in Salmas, West Azerbaijan Province (Iran). Occurring about a year after the 1929 Baghan-Gifan earthquake, the earthquake measured 7.2 on the Richter scale and 7.4 surface wave magnitude and resulted in 2,500 direct fatalities. One foreshock occurred prior to the rupture, and multiple aftershocks also occurred. The earthquake is also listed within the strongest eight earthquakes to occur in Iran since 1900.

 Around 60 villages within the epicentral region (the Salmas Plain) were demolished. Within these, approximately 40 churches were also destroyed.^[1] Ten of these were built between the eleventh and fifteenth century; an additional eleven were built between the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. Two statues were destroyed in Kuhnen Shahr (now Tazeh Shahr) along with any others located in the epicentral valley. For several hours after the main shock, stream's flows were disrupted but presumably returned to normal direction. Landslides and rockfalls were also generated from the surrounding mountains.^[3]

The most damaged villages were Haftavan, Dilman, Kuche Mashk and Kalashan. Primarily these towns shared the same effects—collapsed buildings, falling walls, and similar damage. Some of these areas even experienced fissures.One town, Dilman, was ultimately destroyed. However, due to a foreshock (in which 25 died) the residents were able to evacuate the area prior to the main shock, eventually saving several-thousand lives. A total of 1,100 died in the town from the actual earthquake.l

The The new city was built according to some modern designs which resulted in a kind of chessboard map, and called Shapoor which replaced by Salmas after the Revolution of Islamic Republic.d

It T There are some historical places and tourist attractions which you can visit during summer vacation!l

 Do not forget the continue section if you are interested

If there are any problems with the pictures, use Internet Explorer as a browser

 دارم هی پا به پای نرفتن صبوری می‌کنم

صبوری می‌کنم تا تمام کلمات عاقل شوند

 صبوری می‌کنم تا ترنم نام تو در ترانه کاملتر شود

  صبوری می‌کنم تا طلوع تبسم، تا سهم سایه،‌ تا سراغِ همسایه ...

 صبوری می‌کنم تا مَدار، مُدارا، مرگ ...

 تا مرگ، خسته از دق‌البابِ نوبتم

آهسته زیر لب ... چیزی، حرفی، سخنی بگوید

 مثلا وقت بسیار است و دوباره باز خواهم گشت

 هِه ! مرا نمی‌شناسد مرگ

  یا کودک است هنوز و یا شاعران ساکتند!

 حالا برو ای مرگ، برادر، ای بیم ساده‌ی آشنا

 تا تو دوباره بازآیی

               من هم دوباره عاشق خواهم شد، عاشق خواهم ماند...

What has a fork and mouth, but cannot eat?i

i-A river

A fork is the pointed tool you use to carry food from your plate to your mouth. But a fork is also the place where a river or a road splits and goes in two different directions. The mouth of a river is where the river enters the ocean.i

A: Look up ahead! There's a fork in the river. Which direction should we take?i

B: Stay to the right. That's the side that leads down to the mouth of the river. We'll be there in about two more hours.i

A: Two hours! Let's get out of the boat then, and find a place to eat. I'm hungry, and the only mouth I care about right now is mine!i

B: All you ever think about is a knife and fork...

What suit lasts longer than you do?i

i-A lawsuit

A suit is a set of matching clothes that are worn together, especially for business wear. A lawsuit is an action taken in a court to secure justice.i

Mr. Kim was worried. Today he had to appear in court because a lawsuit was being brought against him. Of course, he dressed up in his best suit for the trial so that he would look nice for the judge and jury.i

i-What kind of pool can't you swim in?i

i-A carpool

A pool is a small body of water. It can also refer to a common supply of something, such as money, that can be used by a number of people. For example, when people drive together in the same car to save gas and money, it's called a carpool.i

John and Brittany, along with several of their school friends, were invited for a swim at Garcias' pool. The Garcias' house was far away and the kids wanted to drive together to save gas. They went in two carpools and spent the whole afternoon swimming.i

G-God

O- Offers us

O- Outstanding

D- Devotion to

M-Make us

O- Obedient

R-Ready for

N-New day to

I- Initiate

N-New aim for the

G- Glory of life

   Have a Nice Day

I woke up with a pleasant sound this morning! Lying in my cosy bed, I was listening to the patter of soft rain outside! Every tinkle on the roof and the window, echoed in my heart! I enjoyed the sound, The melody of nature!k

I got up and looked out the window! It rained gently! Nobody was up yet! I felt a bit cold and returned to my cosy bed. I just tried to enjoy more in the silence. It seemed my stormy mind was solaced a bit !!! It made me recollect the memories of my childhood! I found myself murmuring the very famous poem of" Baz baran, ba tarane, ba goharhaye faravan mikhorad bar bame khane..."spontaneously! Beautiful it was !!! hh" Happy old days !!! " I said. h

I don't know what happened then that I felt like going to the yard! I stood right there face upward to the sky with closed eyes for a moment and listened to the water's real footstep!  k

Inexpressible it was, as if the time stopped ! It soothed my grieves with its peaceful rhythmic sound!f

May be my heart was thirstier than the earth !  Who knows ???!!!  MAY BE...

By Kobra

To see the water's footstep, go to the continue sectionh

 هیچکس
همه چیز را
 برای همیشه به باخت نمی دهد...
این بازی آنقدر ادامه خواهد داشت
که یا سپیده سر بزند
و یا ما
 لباسی سفید به تن کنیم...
صبور باش
فردا
حکایت این بازی هم
تمام خواهد شد...

I wish I were you,i

I could think what you think,i

I could feel what you feel,i

I could move to where you move.i

We were incorporated into a being,i

Like two hues were mixed into one color,i

Splashed on the canvas.i

Like notes were composed into a melody,i

Displaying our chapter.i

We were transformed into a soul,i

Floating around within our dimensions.i

Time, space, distance were longer a pronoun of shackles,i

Wherever,i

Whenever,i

Whatever,i

We were inseparable.i

Let the sun never come out.i

Let the flowers never blossom again,i

Let the wind never blow in.i

Never let my love die away,i

I wish I were you...i

A little boy asked his mother, "Why are you crying?" "Because I'm a woman," she told him.r

"I don't understand," he said. His Mom just hugged him and said, "And you never will."s

Later the little boy asked his father, "Why does mother seem to cry for no reason?" s

"All women cry for no reason," was all his dad could say.s

The little boy grew up and became a man, still wondering why women cry. s

Finally he put in a call to God. When God got on the phone, he asked, "God, why do women cry so easily?"s

God said: s

"When I made the woman she had to be special. s

I made her shoulders strong enough to carry the weight of the world,s

yet gentle enough to give comfort.s

I gave her an inner strength to endure childbirth and the rejection that many times comes from her children.s

I gave her a hardness that allows her to keep going when everyone else gives up, and take care of her family through sickness and fatigue without complaining.s

I gave her the sensitivity to love her children under any and all circumstances, even when her child has hurt her very badly.s

I gave her strength to carry her husband through his faults and fashioned her from his rib to protect his heart. s

I gave her wisdom to know that a good husband never hurts his wife, but sometimes tests her strengths and her resolve to stand beside him unfalteringly. s

And finally, I gave her a tear to shed. This is hers exclusively to use whenever it is needed."s

"You see my son," said God, "the beauty of a woman is not in the clothes she wears, the figure that she carries, or the way she combs her hair. s

The beauty of a woman must be seen in her eyes, because that is the doorway to her heart - the place where love resides."s

 بوی ماه مهر                            

باز آمد بوی ماه مدرسه          بوی بازی های راه مدرسه

بوی ماه مهر، ماه مهربان          بوی خورشید پگاه مدرسه

از میان کوچه های خستگی          می گریزم در پناه مدرسه

باز می بینم ز شوق بچه ها          اشتیاقی در نگاه مدرسه

زنگ تفریح و هیاهوی نشاط         خنده های قاه قاه مدرسه

باز بوی باغ را خواهم شنید          از سرود صبحگاه مدرسه

روز اول لاله ای خواهم کشید         سرخ، بر تخته سیاه مدرسه

School days, School days, Dear old golden rule days...

  I can't believe it's getting to that time again! I always loved going back to school. There is nothing quite like a brand spanking new backpack, squeaky clean and full of pristine school supplies- the blank notebook pages representing a fresh start with a new teacher, new classmates, and a history yet unwritten. Nothing can give you the joy of the shopping trip to lay in new shoes and clothes for the upcoming year!

 Since I'm a teacher, I havn't had to give up that back-to-school excitement. Happy old days!!! I still can't believe that I used to walk to school by myself in kindergarten! Whenever I see my school, I trace the three or four blocks I used to tread to school each morning. Would that, we could still allow our kids the safety and confidence I knew each morning when I was 6 turning to 7.

  I always got insomnia the night before the first day just as I do right now, so the first day of school I was always walking around in a haze. I had that jittery feeling in my stomach, wondering if I would get a sweet teacher or a mean teacher, and who would be in my class. I looked forward to the break time to have my snack with my friends, which I guess is the reason why I still enjoy breaks. My mother always put a " first-day" treat in my bag rolled in a plastic bag, which I couldn't open until school was out and it was always something good, cheese sandwich!

  I still remember the smell of the purple copy on the handouts, pounding the chalk out of the erasers and thinking that it was a privilege when I got picked to do it. A freshly sharpened brand new pencil- to this day, it is hard for me to write with a mechanical pencil!!! Mum putting my hair in pigtails high on my head and me pulling them down as soon as I was out of view if I didn't take them out completely...

  Yeah, different times yet almost mutual feelings!!!

Nothing says fresh start or new beginnings like a blank notebook!  May all the pages of your notebooks remind you a great and successful school year when it is done!

                                                                   Kobra

هرگز

هرگز...

هـــــــــــــرگــــــــز...

غرورت را نشکن...

نرو ... صبر کن ... این آخرش نیست...

( فقط ، یک چیز را بدان )
تــــــو چیزی داری که نامش "دل" است...

 وقتی بدانی یکی نیازش "تو" ست...

همه ی وجودت را می شکنی تا غروری را حفظ کنی...

اگر نتوانستی ، اگر نشد ، اگر نخواستی...

 آنوقت...

بزن دلت را بشکن...

 این  "دل" را دیگر قیمتی نیست...

هیچ

هیچ

هیــــــــــــچ قیمتی...

The fat is in the fire

کار از کار گذشتن

When cooking took place over open fires, the fat from spit-roasted meat was collected for basting or subsequent use. The loss of the fat into the fire was wasteful and too much fat could cause a conflagration, as could an overheated pan containing fat. For whichever reason, too much fat in the fire was a bad thing. In its earliest use in the 14th century, the expression had to do with failure; only later did it come to imply , as it now does, a crisis or " Something has been done with damaging consequences"i

We implored him to desist, but he said that the fat was already in the fire.i

Have Two strings to one's bow

دو تیر در ترکش داشتن-کار از محکم کاری عیب نمیکنه

you have more than one skill or qualification so that if your first one fails, you can make use of the other one. The bow is sth that you shoot arrows from; the metaphore simply means that you have a spare bowstring, so even if the first one breaks, you have one in reserve and can still shoot your bow.i

The salesman had two strings to his bow- if a phone call didn't get results, he would appear in person.i

Another poem from Mrs. Jabbari

گفتگوی میان مردگان و زندگان ( in three lgs)                          

Live: Thou, who have gone so fast      ایللردی کی توپراقداکی آرام یاتانا چوخلی سوزوم وار

در شگفتم از شما که به چه شتاب رفتید

Why on earth thou didn't last       حیرتده یم آخر نه قدر اوندا دوزوم وار

از چه رو با مرگ هم آغوش شدید

What did thou get from the earth            نئجه وارلیخدان ال اوزماخ نئجه گتماخ

باز گویید از ره توشه تان

What did thou do since the birth        نگران گوزلری آخر نئجه توپراقینان اوتماخ

از گذر عمرتان

Dead: We were just like a river             بیر عومور تکجه بیرآرام سو کیمی داغلار آشیردیخ

جویباری بودیم

Not still, but travel                    اما دوزماخ نان یورولماخ تانیمیردیخ

بیگانه با خاموش و سکون

Like a watchful primrose                نگران نرگسه تک  تکجه افقنان تانیشیردیخ

و به سان نرگس همیشه نگران

Beholding of life shadows                 بئله اولدی کی سحرلر گونشیله دانیشیردیخ

تنها نظاره گر سایه ای از زندگی بودیم

We were just a little dust                 بیر سیخیم توپراقیدیخ نفسه حق دن اویاندیخ

ذره ای ناچیز از خاک بودیم

Not problem if it bust                        بیر عومور ذللتیله یئرده دایاندیخ

که بودو نبود آن توفیری نداشت

The path was a long way                             یول اوزون گتماغا جان یوخ

رهگذر جاده ای بی انتها بودیم

But the time was just a day                               عومور آز صبره امان یوخ

ولی فرصت تنها از طلوعی بود تا غروبی

Now the night is on the way                         عاقبت حسرتیله توپراقا باتدیخ

حالا که شب در راه است

And I envy the whole day                      دنیانین آرزولارین داشینی آتدیخ

من هنوز در حسرت لحظه لحظه روز می سوزم

Though I have got the rest                   گئجه ظلمت لئچکین باشینا آتدی

گرچه آرام یافته و با خاک هم آغوشیم

The tomb is my dream's nest                     آرزولار توپراقینان قول قولا چاتدی

گور من نه مدفن تن من که مدفن آرزوهای من است

 published by permission

What's happiness ( Agreat poem from Mrs. Jabbari)   q

خوشبختی چیست

  One says happiness is being under no bond        یکی می گوید "خوشبختی یعنی آزادی از هر قیدو بند"

Another says "It's just a mirage or a sweet dream"i  دیگری می گوید: "خوشبختی سراب یا رویایی شیرین بیش نیست

Or it's an abstract context with no similarity in the world   یا خوشبختی مفهومی ذهنی است که هیچ عینیتی در دنیا نمی یابد

But is happiness really a sun with no rising      اما آیا واقعا خوشبختی خورشیدی است که هیچ وقت طلوع نمی کند

or a horizon which is beautiful but unaccessible?i      یا افقی زیباست اما دست نیافتنی؟                      

Is it like zephyr , scented but ephemeral?i            آیا آن واقعا مثل نسیم معطر و گذراست                  

It is really a white swan whose nest is no where?i?  یا چوت قوی سپیدی است که هیچ کجا آشیان نمی کند؟

No, I beleive happiness is a white dove that has nest in honesties' alter نه من ایمان دارم خوشتختی کبوتر سفیدی است که در محراب صداقتها آشیان دارد

And a gift, when and where you love people, may you enjoy this granting  و هدیه ای است که هر موقع و هر جا مردم را دوست بداری ارزانی توست

I beleive happiness is a share, a share of life; so  ایمان دارم خوشبختی تنها تقسیمی است تقسیمی از زندگی پس:

Shall we share the world          بیا دنیا را میان خود تقسیم کنیم

Vale be mine              دره مال من     

Hill be thine               کوه را تو بردار

Let's range like floods              مثل سیلها بخروشیم

Stream be mine                  رود مال من

Sea be thine              دریا مال تو 

As we are close               ما که مثل چشم و ابرو

Just like eyes and eyebrows                       کنار هم هستیم

Tears be mine           اشکها مال من

Eyes be thine            چشمها مال تو

Let's hold dear nights and days              شبها و روزها را گرامی بداریم

Sun be thine                        خورشید مال تو

Moon be mine                  ماه مال من

I share the world with thee                   من دنیا را با تو شریکم

Without us there is no laughter                    بی ما نه زمستان را خنده ای است

For spring or winter                         و نه بهار را

We can share all we have in life               در زندگی همه چیز را می توانیم تقسیم کنیم

But we have a love                      عشقی داریم اما

Undevidable                تقسیم ناپذیر       

i-How do you keep a rhinoceros from charging?i

i-Take away his credit cards!i

To charge means "to rush at someone or something to attack it." To charge something also means to pay for an item by using a credit card.i

a) I heard you went on a safari. How did it go?i

b) Great! But we had a scare- out of nowhere, a huge tiger came charging at us. Thank heaven we were able to scare him off with rifle shots!i

a) That sounds exciting. Tell me, was the trip expensive?i

b) It certainly was. I had to charge the plane tickets to my credit card. It will take me months to pay off! But it was worth it.i

i-What kind of cake tastes awful?i

i-A cake of soap!i

A cake is a baked sweet made from flour, eggs, and other ingredients. A bar of soap can also be reffered to as a cake of soap!i

a) Hi, Jane. Where are you off to?i

b) Oh, I'm going to the bakery to pick up a birthday cake for my son. How about you?i

a) I'm heading for the drugstore. I need a couple of cakes of soap, , and some asprin.i

 What kind of coat is made without buttons and is iwet when you first put it on?i

i-A coat of paint!i

A coat is  a piece of clothing that covers your clothes. A coat can also be a thin covering of some substance such as paint or dust all over a surface.i

a) Wow! I like the new color you're painting the living room!i

b) Thanks, but be careful. I just put on the first coat and it's still wet. Here, let me take your coat. I'll hang it up in the closet  and we'll get started painting the dinning room.i

-Why did the boy put his radio in the refrigrator?i

i-He wanted to hear cool music!i

Cool has two meanings. It can mean" somewhat cold". In everyday speech, cool also means "wonderful, exciting, great"i

a) Wow! What a great song!i

b) You said it! This station plays really cool music. I could listen for hours.i

a) Me too. Hey, tell you what, let me get us a nice, cool drink from the fridge, and we can just sit back and listen for a while.i

b) Cool !  Sounds like a great idea!

Remember that gerunds are nouns but participles have linking functions and can be all parts of speech except a noun.i

Deciding where to spend the holiday, I went to get a ticket.i         Participle

     Deciding where to spend the holiday is a difficult task.    Gerundi

Perfect participle (active)i

a) action 1 is completed before action 2

I had had dinner. I went to the movies.i

Having had dinner, I went to the movies.i

b) action 1 continues for a while before action 2 starts

I had been (was) my own boss for 5 years. I couldn't stand having another boss.i

Having been my own boss for 5 years, I couldn't stand having another boss.i

c) action 1 happens several times before action 2 starts

He had failed 3 times, He didn't want to try again.i

Having failed 3 times, he didn't want to try again.i

Absolute participle:  is a kind of participle in which there are two different subjects for two different parts of a sentense

The weather was fine. We went on a picnic.i

The weather being fine, we went on a picnic.i

Functions of past participle

a) to help form perfect tenses

He has worked hard

b) as a participle adjective

a rented room            an educated man               coloured eggs

c) with special verbs

c-1   causative have  :    We had the car fixed.i

c-2   after "find, keep , leave"i

We found the money hidden in the garden.i        یعنی مخفی کرده بودند

We found the man hidding in the garden.i     یعنی خودش مخفی می شد

c-3 After perceptive verbs:   see, hear, watch......i

There is a difference in meaning between present and past perfect participles after perceptive verbs.i

I saw her cooking lunch.i                 در حال انجام عمل دیده

I saw her cooked lunch.i          یعنی از اول تا آخر عمل رو دیده

d) as  a reduced adjective clause

The books which are published in Iran are cheaper.i

The books published in Iran are cheaper.i

Misrelated participle:  is the most troublesome participle because it is always wrong

How to correct a misrelated participle?i

a) by changing the voice of one part

        When using this car, the brakes should be checked.i         incorrect

When using this car, you should check the brakes.i     correct

b) by changing word order

Shining in the sky, we saw the first star.i       incorrect

We saw the first star shining in the sky.i     correct

In the first sentence "shining in the sky" is related to "we" and it is wrong.i

c) by using the full clause

Climbing down the tree, one of the eggs broke.i     incorrect because eggs cannot climb down the tree

While he was climbing down the tree, one of the eggs broke.i     correct

Participles can be used in passive voice ,too.i

When did the soldier go out of the battle field?i

Having been wounded by a bullet, he fell down and was carried out

Participles can be used in different ways but be sure that you use them in a correct way because changing the order of the words can cause incorrect sentences.i

Hearing that Juliet was dead, Romeo killed himself

Romeo killed himself, hearing that Juliet was dead

Romeo, hearing that Juliet was dead, killed himself

THINK ABOUT:i

How can you change the following sentence into a participle?i

His heads I win tails you lose attitude annoys me.i

Which part of the sentence is incorrect and what is the correct form?i

While watching from our window, the great ship entered the harbor, whistle blowing and crew cheering.i

چندان هم دور نیستی

فقط به اندازه ی یک نمیدانم از من فاصله گرفته ای

آری ، "نمیدانم" کجایی ؟

 ولی می نویسم ... تا جایی که دستانم یاری ام کنند

 برای  " تــــــــو"...

Last night, once more, you proved me your eternal love!  Just a look at your face can read your endeavors throughout your life!i

Your tired appearance is  a symbol of immence suffering,i

Your weak-light eyes is a symbol of your sleeplessness,i

and your white hair is a symbol of devoted life throughout your life.i

Still, with this much donation, you are always worried that Is there more you could have done?!i

The pure and unending kindness is easily transparent in your voice which reveals your heart words that reminds me whispering fairy-tales to my ears to sleep long ago in my childhood.i

Now, the years elapsed; yet, you are still the same.i

No change I see in you , the same eyes swelled with compassion, the same gaze that always  takes care of me and the same beam of shiny smile on your pale and wan face that soothes all of my disappointedness!!i

Indeed, is there nothing you can't do for us?!i

Now, looking for the most marvollous emotional words that can describe this great sacrifice, I'm speechless...1i

Trying to remember the most dreamy life memories and to whisper the most sweet life story with the most beautiful words in the holy life, what comes in my mind is the very precious word of " Mother".i

Indeed, whom you know that is devoted and patient?!i

Whom you know that writes the motto of faithfulness and kindness?!i

In fact, mother creates all the beauties and purities of life,i

Her love makes the life-myth rapturous,i

and it is HER love that fills creation's book of kindness.i

Mother!  YOU the paragon of love!i

Preciously I say that I love you that you gave the gift of life to me...i

A joke

Clothes never make us the gentle person but the character makes, Success is permanent when we acheive it without destroying our character... i

i-Why did the student always take cold baths?i

i-Because he didn't want to get into hot water!i

When people are in hot water, it means that they are" in a lot of trouble."i

When Bill was late to meet his girlfriend, he knew he was going to be in hot water. when he got to the restaurant, she was sitting and drinking hot tea, and glaring at him very angrily.i

In case / In case of

We use in case to express that we are doing something in preparation for something which might happen.i

Eg:  Take an umbrella in case it rains.i

We use in case of to say what we should do if or when something happens; also after in case of, there should be a noun!i

Eg: In case of fire, leave the building as quickly as possible!i

Athough / Even though

We use although or even though to express a contrast between two things.i

Eg:  Although he is much older than the others, he won the race.i

Even though he's a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat.i

Even though and although can be used in the same way as despite the fact that and in spite of the fact that.i

Eg:  I enjoyed the holiday, even though it rained alot.i

I enjoyed the holiday, despite the fact that it rained alot.i